What does the term "acid mine drainage" refer to?

The term "acid mine drainage" specifically refers to water that has been contaminated by minerals released during mining operations. This phenomenon occurs when sulfide minerals, often found in certain types of coal and metal mines, are exposed to air and water. The resulting chemical reactions can create sulfuric acid, which leaches out metals and other minerals from the surrounding rock and soil. This acidic water can then flow into streams, rivers, or lakes, significantly impacting aquatic ecosystems and water quality.

Understanding this definition is crucial for those involved in surface mining because managing and mitigating acid mine drainage is a key aspect of environmental protection in mining practices. It highlights the importance of proper waste management, water treatment, and monitoring to prevent environmental degradation.