What does the term "overburden" refer to in surface mining?

In surface mining, "overburden" specifically refers to the soil and rock layer that lies above the mineral deposit. This layer needs to be removed to access the underlying resources, such as coal or other minerals. Understanding this term is crucial because managing overburden is a significant part of the surface mining process, affecting factors such as environmental impact, erosion control, and site rehabilitation after mining operations have concluded.

The management of overburden is essential for efficient extraction and minimizing adverse effects on the surrounding land and ecosystems. Proper handling of overburden can also aid in the restoration of the mining site once operations are completed, highlighting its importance within the overall procedures of surface mining.