What is a potential hazard associated with surface mining?

Air pollution from dust and emissions is a significant hazard associated with surface mining operations. Surface mining involves the removal of large amounts of soil and rock, exposing minerals and other materials to air and creating dust. This dust can be easily transported by wind, resulting in particulate matter that pollutes the air. Additionally, the machinery used in surface mining emits greenhouse gases and other pollutants, contributing to air quality degradation. This pollution can have detrimental effects on human health, ecosystems, and nearby communities.

The other options presented do not reflect typical hazards associated with surface mining. Increased biodiversity and better water quality are often cited as potential benefits of responsible land management and reclamation practices following mining activities, while enhanced agricultural productivity may result from land rehabilitation, but these outcomes are not intrinsic to the mining process itself and can be countered by the negative impacts of mining if not managed properly.